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How to Conjugate Pratiquer (to Practice) in French

Step by step instructions to Conjugate Pratiquer (to Practice) in French The French verbâ pratiquerâ is moderately simple to recollect in light of the fact that it intends to rehearse. At the point when you need to state we rehearsed in the past tense or I am rehearsing in the current state, the action word should be conjugated. A brisk exercise will acquaint you with the most straightforward structures ofâ pratiquerâ for you to rehearse. The Basic Conjugations of Pratiquer Pratiquer is a standard - er action word and it follows the most widely recognized conjugation design found in the French language. For understudies who are knowledgeable about conjugations, this ought to be a truly simple exercise. Similarly as with all action words, youll start by recognizing the action word stem (or radical). Forâ pratiquer, that isâ pratiqu-. From that point, an assortment of endings are added that relate to both the subject pronoun and the strained of the sentence. This gives us things likeâ je pratiqueâ for I am rehearsing andâ nous pratiquionsâ for we rehearsed. Present Future Flawed je pratique pratiquerai pratiquais tu pratiques pratiqueras pratiquais il pratique pratiquera pratiquait nous pratiquons pratiquerons pratiquions vous pratiquez pratiquerez pratiquiez ils pratiquent pratiqueront pratiquaient The Present Participle of Pratiquer Including - antâ to the extreme produces theâ present participleâ pratiquant. In addition to the fact that it is an action word, yet there are a few cases where it turns into a thing or even a modifier. Pratiquerâ in the Compound Past Tense In French, passã © composã © is the compound past tense that utilizes the past participle pratiquã ©. To shape it, start by conjugating the helper action word avoirâ to the current state and finish the compound with pratiquã ©. The outcome is expressions, for example, jai pratiquã ©, which means I rehearsed, and nous avons pratiquã © for we rehearsed. Increasingly Simple Conjugations of Pratiquer There are a couple of progressively fundamental conjugations youll need to know forâ pratiquer. Among those areâ the subjunctiveâ andâ the conditional. The previous infers vulnerability to the rehearsing while the last is for an if...then situation. The artistic tenses of the passã © simpleâ andâ the flawed subjunctiveâ are saved for composing and are a great idea to retain too. Subjunctive Contingent Passã © Simple Defective Subjunctive je pratique pratiquerais pratiquai pratiquasse tu pratiques pratiquerais pratiquas pratiquasses il pratique pratiquerait pratiqua pratiquã ¢t nous pratiquions pratiquerions pratiquã ¢mes pratiquassions vous pratiquiez pratiqueriez pratiquã ¢tes pratiquassiez ils pratiquent pratiqueraient pratiquã ¨rent pratiquassent The imperativeâ is utilized frequently for decisive proclamations like Practice! When utilizing it, skirt the subject pronoun and leave it at Pratique ! Basic (tu) pratique (nous) pratiquons (vous) pratiquez

Should You Buy or Lease a Car Here Are the Pros and Cons

Should You Buy or Lease a Car Here Are the Pros and Cons Should You Buy or Lease a Car? Here Are the Pros and Cons Should You Buy or Lease a Car? Here Are the Pros and ConsWhile it all comes down to what works best for you, leasing a car usually works better for occasional driversâ€"and comes with lower payments to boot!If you’re in the market for a new vehicle, you’re probably also faced with the decision as to whether you should buy a car outright or whether you should lease one. This isn’t a decision you should rush: Purchasing a car is a huge financial decision!That’s why we’re here. We reached out to several automotive experts to learn the pros and cons of buying a car versus leasing one. While the final decision is up to you, their insights should help you know which option works best!How is leasing different from buying?The difference between buying a car and leasing one is like the difference between buying a house and renting one.When you buy a carâ€"unless you pay for the whole thing up frontâ€"you’re taking out a loan that you then pay off over a set term. Once the loan is paid off, you own the car free and clear.When you lease a car, on the other hand, you are essentially renting it, making monthly payments for a set term, usually two to three years. At the end of the lease, you will be given the option to turn the car in or purchase it (more on that later).Leases come with mileage restrictions and other conditions. If you exceed the yearly or overall mileage limit, for instance. you’ll pay extra. Plus, lessees are oftentimes responsible for extra fees and charges on “wear and tear” on the vehicle.Whether you buy or lease a car, your credit score is going to be a factor. The better your score, the more favorable your terms.Leases usually mean lower payments.All other things being equal, leasing a car is going to be less expensive than buying one. According to James Houston, the Senior Director of Automotive Finance Practice at J.D. Power (@JDPower), “Retail financing payments are higher, and usually require more upfront costs like down paymen t or trade equity.”In addition, leasing might mean qualifying for a better vehicle than you would be able to purchase. Automotive expert Richard Reina of  CARiD.com  (@carid_com) cited the fact that “Lower monthly payments [for leases] may allow consumers access to higher value vehicles or more vehicle content.”A lease could cost more on the back end.However, Reina also pointed out that leases carry the potential for additional charges once the lease has ended, saying that “Lessees may be subject to lease end charges for excess wear and tear, excess mileage or termination fees when their lease term is complete.”And if you decide to purchase that vehicle once your lease is ended, you might end up finding that youve been taken for a ride.To add insult to injury, should the driver wish to purchase the vehicle at the end of the lease, they’ll find it would have been more cost effective to have financed the purchase from the beginning rather than to have leased.” warned dri ving expert Alex Lauderdale of EducatedDriver.org (@educated_driver).Finally, Reina added that prospective lessees should consider the size of their monthly payment against the total cost of the lease:“When shopping around for leasing options, keep your long-term finance goals and credit score in mind and take interest rates into account. While a lower monthly payment on a leased Lexus might seem attractive, you could end up paying more in the long run than if you choose a lower rate.Leasing has gotten more affordable.On the bright side, all those additional costs associated with leasing a car aren’t generally what they used to be. “Many of the previous stereotypes about auto leasing are no longer true, said Rob Drury, Executive Director of the Association of Christian Financial Advisors.“Long gone are the days of lease-end balloon payments or unreasonable damage charges. A lessee can expect to turn in a reasonably maintained vehicle within the lease mileage limits without a ny charges.”Luckily, if you’re thinking about leasing, a not-so-hot credit score is no longer the obstacle it used to be.It was once difficult to lease a vehicle without reasonably good credit standing,” said Drury. “Today, lease eligibility is extended to individuals with FICO scores below 600.”Leases come with mileage restrictions.Mileage limits are one of the biggest downsides to leasing a car. Or rather, it could be a downside, if you’re planning on driving your vehicle a lot. If you’re somebody who doesn’t use your car all the time or use it to drive long distances, a lease could be a better fit.Leasing is, or should be, a relatively straightforward transaction,” said Lauderdale. “If you don’t drive oftenâ€"you work from home or only put a few thousand miles on your vehicle per yearâ€"a leasing option can definitely make sense.“There are, however, potential land mines in the leasing option,” he added, “like penalties for additional miles driven over the lease agreement (e.g. driving 80,000 on a five-year/60,000-mile lease).”Before making the decision to lease or drive, you should take a good long look at your driving habits and do the math. If you plan on driving a lot, then buying a vehicle is probably your best option.Buying a car means owning a car.Another decision you need to make before buying or leasing is whether or not youll be happy with not owning your vehicle outright.“Overall, the lease versus buy decision comes down to finances,” said Reina. “With leasing, you’ll always have a monthly payment and you build up no equity. So, at the end of your lease, you have two options: Purchase the lease car or start a new lease with a new vehicle.“On the other hand, when you choose to buy, the car is yours once it’s paid off. If you are responsible and diligent about maintenance, a modern car can typically be kept for seven to eight years and/or 100,000 miles.The ins and outs of car ownership might not be something you’ve thought a lot about, but you should! Houston provided a clear picture of the benefits of buying (and owning) a car versus leasing one:“Retail customers have no restriction on the use of vehicle, mileage or up-keep maintenance of the vehicle.“Retail customers have equity at end of the loan term and can make next vehicle purchase based on their timing.“Retail customers have an asset (and hold title in most states) that can be refinanced or sold at per customers need/want.“Retail customers have no payment obligations once the loan obligation has been fulfilled (lease customers must replace vehicle at end of term).“Retail customers are free to trade or sell their vehicle at any time.”On the other hand, leasing a car means that you’ll always be driving a relatively new vehicle. “Lease terms are much lower than retail terms (36 months vs 60 months) so lessees have access to newer units sooner,” said Reina, adding that, “Technology changes tend to be rapid.” Lower payments are great, and so is always driving a new(ish) car; but being able to use your car without restrictionsâ€"including selling the car if you want â€"is great, too! You have to decide which option works better for you.Buying a car comes with added risks.  Here’s something that lessees don’t usually have to deal with: When you’re buying a car, you have to make sure that the dealer is being upfront with you. This is true even for new vehicles, but it’s especially true for used cars.Lauderdale laid out three risks involved with car-buying, and the steps you can take to avoid themâ€"many of which boil down to simply being a smart, cautious buyer and doing all your research pre-sale:Used Car History: A viable dealership or private seller has nothing to hide, and will often provide a Carfax history report when they know a buyer is serious about a purchase.  If they dont provide a report, I strongly suggest a buyer walk away. That said, if the car is a must have, the s oon-to-be owner should take the time and money to do a little research of their own.  I strongly recommend CarFax.com when car history summaries are needed. No one wants a lemon or previously totaled vehicle.Car Value: One way a dealer or private seller can take advantage of a potential buyer is to overprice the vehicle.  There is way too much information at our fingertips to let this be a reason for not getting a good deal. Sites like Autotrader.com will allow one to input the prospective car’s criteria, compare the dealers or private sellers price to similar vehicles in the area, and even highlight whether it is a “good” or “great deal.Add-On Features: Dealerships will often try to push bolt-on items at the end of what you thought to be a great deal on your new or used car purchase.  These add-on products come in the form of extended warranties, car service agreements, undercoats, fabric protectant, gap insurance, etc.  Listen, we live in a time where one can easily ge t 200,000 miles out of a car if it is properly maintained. The cost vs. use of these extra items is often one-sided, for the good of the dealer. Additionally, if the buyer chooses to use the dealerships captive lender, the dealer ends up making money on the up sale, and the associated interest.The risks involved with buying a car aren’t that different from buying a home. And those risks probably shouldn’t be the thing that dissuades you from buying. But if you are going to buy, you should be prepared to put in the legwork necessary to do it right.Which works best for you?In the end, the decision to buy a car versus leasing one is going to come down to what works best for you. If it helps, think less in terms of pros and cons than in terms of what you need as a driver.“Retail financing (owning) or leasing a vehicle is an individual decision,” said Reina. “Each option has pros and cons, but those pros and cons need to be considered before entering into a transaction.  An in formed and educated consumer should be able to decide based on his or her lifestyle and transportation needs.”Ask yourself, what are your driving priorities? Let the answer guide you.“If I want a new car every two to three years, drive limited miles, and maintain my vehicle to contractual standards, then I might be a good lease candidate,” said Houston. “If I keep my car for many years, don’t want to be restricted on the miles I drive, and don’t want to be concerned about how I maintain my vehicle, I might be more inclined to traditionally finance my vehicle.”No matter what decision you make, first make sure that you’re as informed as possible and that you’ve explored every possible option.“Every transaction is different, and theres no substitute for doing one’s homework, said Lauderdale. Car buyers/leasers need to explore all options, getting quotes from their bank, the dealer, and any other available options. Then, do the math to find the best total cost for personal transportation.”To learn more about how you can save money on auto and home-related expenses, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Decorate Your Home for Cheap8 Handy Tips for Road Tripping on the CheapAre Cheap Tires Safe Enough to be Worth the Savings?How You Can DIY Your Way to Cheaper Home MaintenanceDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsRob Drury is the Executive Director of the Association of Christian Financial Advisors, a non-profit coalition of over 3,000 advisors of various financial disciplines; financial planners, CPAs, attorneys, estate planners, mortgage brokers, and others dedicated to the financial welfare of the American public, particularly among the Christian community. Headquartered in San Antonio, TX, the ACFA offers broad financial expertise and advisory services at no cost.As Senior Director, Automotive Finance Prac tice at  J.D. Power (@JDPower),  James Houston  leads the team that brings Voice of the Customer to the auto finance industry. Automotive finance brands rely on the data-driven insights that he and his practice deliver to understand, plan and act on current market and future trends. He has a wealth of industry experience in the auto finance space, with previous positions at TD Auto Finance, Chrysler Financial, Chase Automotive Finance, and Bank of America Auto Group. Mr. Houston is a graduate of Central Michigan University.During his nearly 20-year career, Alex Lauderdale has served  in multiple Transportation Administration, Analytic, and Management positions spanning multiple companies, including 2 in the Fortune 500. At  EducatedDriver.org (@educated_driver), he uses his  experience and continued research to educate and broadcast information related to the current status and future of driving, driving technologies, technology TCD (total cost to  driver), driver safety, and gaps i n between.Richard Reina is the Product Training Director at  CARiD.com  (@carid_com)  and an auto enthusiast  and expert with over 30 years of experience working with cars.

The Literary Genre Of 2 Peter - 996 Words

The literary genre of 2 Peter is an epistle written to the main personalities, an implied group of believers in Asia Minor and other places around that region. The author is the Apostle Peter a dedicated servant and disciple of Jesus. The date that the letter was written has some controversy, however, in his correspondence Peter mentions that his life is coming to an end, and Peter was martyred for his faith in Rome about A.D. 64-67. Therefore, establishing the date of Peter s second letter within that time frame. Peter wrote out of love to defend and protect the immutable word of God. The letters main purpose was to warn fellow devotees about false teachers that would try to enter their churches and mislead them in their faith. Peter goes on to explain the false teachers can be recognized by their prideful behavior, their love of money, and disrespect to God. (Life Application Study Bible 1507,1918) Peter uses instances from the past, such as Sodom and Gomorrah and the great flood t o stress the judgment and punishment that will come to unbelievers who reject God. The apostle also warns that there will be those that will mock God and dismiss the second coming of Christ. He advises the believers to have confidence in the promises, prophecies, and principles given through God’s inspired word. (Hindson, Towns) Peter cautions God will return without warning and find individuals unwary. However, Peter reasons that God is patient and delays His return for unbelievers, â€Å"notShow MoreRelatedAuthorship, Audience And Genre Of The Gospel Of Matthew1467 Words   |  6 Pages1. Authorship, audience and genre of the Gospel of Matthew Authorship: Most scholars, but not R.T. France (2007, pp14-22), believe that Matthew’s Gospel was written by a scribe, not the Apostle Matthew and that it was written approximately between AD 80- 90. France states that if the book was written at this time- it was within Matthew’s lifetime, and thus authorship cannot be proven. A key reason pointing to the Gospel being written by a scribe is that the Gospel was written in Greek and thatRead MoreLiterature and Journalism1988 Words   |  8 PagesLITERATURE AND JOURNALISM TASK: Difference between Literature and Journalism PRESENTED BY: JULIE E. OGONYA REG. NO.: PG/MA/063/2009 PRESENTED TO: DR, KITCHE MAGAK DATE: NOVEMBER, 2009. MASENO INTRODUCTION Literature and journalism are two genres that are interrelated and intertwined because literature borrows heavily from journalism and journalism borrows heavily from literature as well. Sometimes it gets problematic distinguishing literature from journalism, more so with the emergence ofRead MoreThe Relationship Between 2 Peter And Jude Essay1905 Words   |  8 PagesRelationship between 2 Peter and Jude. 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This work The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket was published during the 19th century when the genre of exploration literature was very popularRead MoreSynthesis of The Reading-Writing Connection and Literary Borrowing1829 Words   |  8 Pagesresearchers information on the connection between r eading, writing, and the value of quality children’s literature. Olness provides examples and ideas of how to successfully join reading with writing in the classroom. In the second article titled Literary Borrowing: The Effects of Literature on Children’s Writing, Lancia (1997) investigates the frequency and diversity of the independent ways children use ideas from literature while composing. Lancia illustrates the active relationship between readingRead MoreTeen Television Dram The Next Generation, By The Bell And Beverly Hills Of 902101805 Words   |  8 PagesEvery television show falls into one genre or another. 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Should College Be Successful - 853 Words

For people who have already attended and finished high school, one of the choices that they will have to make is to whether to continue with a higher education, or start walking and planning life right away. I decided to continue my education and try to get a degree in some field that I was interested in. Why did I decide to go to college? I decided to go to college for many reasons; therefore, I wanted to become successful, have an education, and I wanted to make sure that in the future I had a degree in a field that I really liked. I wanted to attend college as soon as I graduated from high school. Now the decision of where I wanted to go was the tough part. At first I thought I wanted to go to a four year university, but I then thought of some of the things that I may not like about going to a four year university. While I was in high school, I applied for many colleges throughout New York. While some I got accepted into, then there was some where I got denied from. I got accepted into The College of Saint Rose, University of Hartford, Suny Plattsburg, and a couple of others. I wanted to attend Saint Rose and Plattsburg, but I didn’t think I was ready to leave and be sort of off on my own. I am very close to my family, they are all my best friends. There were events in my high school time that made me believe that I am not ready for college, and I had to be right emotionally first. I thought the first day being in the dorm I would call my mom up and tell her that I wantShow MoreRelatedShould College Degree Be A Successful Career?1451 Words   |  6 Pagesfamilies, on a college education, they need make sure they know what they’re getting into. In this essay Payne will argue that a college degree is not always necessary to have a successful career. This is a question she asks herself on a regular basis, while she works full time, and takes time away from her family. She sits and wonders daily if studying will provide her and her family a better life, and she doesn’t think she is alone. Years ago when a person graduated from college it would prettyRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School1041 Words   |  5 Pages(Lambertson 45). However, in the end, was this school successful? Were its students prepared to succeed? A successful high school is a school that prepares students for a job or college. In truth, a successful school prepares students for the real world. High school should teach all students the basic abilities used in the work force. 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Personal development plan Free Essays

string(122) " like to improve my Anger- management I will recognize success when I m able to control my anger in difficult situations\." Objectives What do I want to be able to do or do better? Success criteria How will I recognize success? How will I review and measure my improvement? Actions What methods will I use to achieve my learning objectives? Implementation How will I practice and apply what I learn? I would like to improve my Anger- management I will recognize success when I m able to control my anger in difficult situations. You read "Personal development plan" in category "Papers" For example when being interrupted during work time and carrying on doing my Job ignoring any interruptions or distraction. I will review and measure my improvement by having a second opinion from a manager or a higher class employees to see any change in my behavioral performance in any complicated situation. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal development plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will take a timeout before reacting a tense situation, in other words I will leave the person or situation that may cause my anger. I will think before speaking. I will ask myself† What am I really angry about† this action will help me to identify the real source of frustration and communicate my anger better. I will check in my counseling area if they are running a free therapy for anger robbers in order to learn more about my reasons and identify triggers for my anger, and also learn tips and techniques for managing my anger. I will get some exercise (running, swimming, yoga and meditation) to stimulate various brain chemicals that could lead me to an increase of happiness and more relaxed than when I was before working out. I will practice and apply my improvement to manage my anger when I m dealing with a difficult customer and as soon a I feel myself becoming heated I will simply request to my college to handle the situation. I will practice and apply my improvement to manage my anger. When I am in a heated discussion I will listen carefully to what the other person saying and I will take my time before answering instead of saying the first thing that comes into my head. I also will practice and apply my improvement to manage my anger by bringing down my general stress levels with exercise and relaxation like yoga and meditation this activities will help me to reduce my stress and get rid of irritation and anger. I want to improve my communication skills I will recognize success when I’ m able to communicate negative or difficult messages without creating conflict or destroying trust. An example of recognizing success will be in a situation when the customer I am communicating with can understand the information being communicated. I will review and measure my improvement by observing how the customers acts and feels about what is being said. And also getting a feedback from my boss. I will use body language for example standing up straight, shrouded back this position will shows that I am feeling confident of myself. I will create an environment where everyone can feels free to express opinions, ideas and feelings by clarifying information, to avoid conflicts and misunderstanding. I will use the right words for example ( Good morning; Thanks you so much for you patience; I am going to do my very best to help you Mrs. Harness) . And finally I will search in internet from some techniques of effective communication. I will practice and apply my improvement in communication when I have an to deal with my manager, for example I could use a positive body language as an indicator of high self-confidence. I will also practice my improvement in communication when I have to deal with a customers complains by listening actively so it will show to the client that I really care about his/ her situation. I will apply my communication skills when applying for a Job, for example I will speak appropriately , listen effectively and write with clarity and clearly. I would like to improve my time management I will recognize success when I will able to do everything that I need to do without rush. An example of recognizing success will be in a situation when I have to combine the pressure of intensive study with finding the time to do my errands (pays bills, doctor appointment, meeting with my friends, work †¦.. Etc) I will review and measure my improvement when I will find freedom from deadlines erasure and from stress in general I will use a time log to write down what I need to do in each hour of the day for times of pressure. I will create a daily list to remind me the things (appointments, pay rent, go to library, etc ) that I need to do during the day. I will set goals realistic and achievable but for do this I will examine my present situation and assess what goals are important to me and what action I need to take to achieve my target. I will postpone unnecessary activities ( gym, meeting friend, dates.. Etc) until my assessment is done. I will prioritize my assignments by beginning with the most difficult subject because I will be fresh and have more energy to take it I will implement my time management skill when I have to do my assessment by postposition unnecessary activities ( gym, meeting college, dates,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ) until my assessment is done. I will also implement my time management when I have a lot of things ( pay rent, appointments, meeting friend †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ) to do during the day by creating a daily list to remind me what I need to do during the day. I will apply my time management skill when I have many task to do in my workplace eke customer complain, training new employee, checking delivery by setting realistic goals and achievable but for do this I will review my present situation and assess what goals are important to me and what actions I need to take to achieve my target. I would like to improve my organization skills I will recognize success when I sort out what I want to achieve. An example of recognizing success will be in a situation where I can combine work, study and social life. I will review and measure my improvement by checking my schedule every day to make sure that I must begin to work towards the deadlines. I will use a diary to priorities my activities for example I will do first the things that will give me the most benefit ,related to my Job I will do first what my manager needs urgently it could be review the employee’s paper work for human resource kept up to date, organizing food generally, or training an new employee. I will organism my personal area to make sure the space is big enough and appropriate to work. I will create a ‘To Do’ list for each day, then keep the list with me, and refer to it often. I will cross things off when they are being done and completed. I will look at my planner and notes each night so I’ II be ready for the next day. I will implement my organizational skills when I have a task that must be completed within a specific period of time. An example will be when I have to train an employee I will create a list about what I need to teach him/ her and I will priorities the activities that I have to teach him/ her for instance How the tills work, cleaning operations, dealing with customers complaints. I will practice my organizational skills when I have to organize the manager’s office documents. r example human resource documents, business records, Curriculum vitae, delivery orders and sales orders by providing a quick, logical system in an alphabetical order. I will apply and practice my organizational skills when I have many task to complete during the day at work, for example to check the delivery order, training new staff, keep human resource documents updated and customer complains by delegating some of my responsibilities to the employees this will saves me time and will motivate, feel valued and respected the employee that is helping me I would like to improve my customer services. I will recognize success when I’m able to demonstrate a good service to the client. An example of recognizing success will be in a situation where I can calmly handle all customers, even the most negative ones. I will review and measure my improvement by discussing my performance with the costumer, to ensure their complete satisfaction with my service and product. I will be a great listener. This will surely show that I care and want to offer the right solution. I will be calm and have patience. This will help me to deal with disgruntled and confused customers. I will keep my promises to ensure that any promise I make for a customer can be delivered. To do that I’ll stay up to date with the company policies. I will be honest and transparent with the customers, which will prove the concern and care about their happiness and satisfaction. I will practice and apply my improvement in customer services when I am dealing with the customer, selling a product or providing a service. Also, I will practice and apply my improvement in customers services for example by listening carefully, being calm and patient to solve a problem in difficult situations. I will practice an apply my customer services improvement by doing more than what a customer expects an example will be giving an extra information about the product , this will show to the client my professionalism and experience. I would like to improve my Computer Skills. I will recognize success when I’m able to understand how programs and software like (Microsoft word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Power Point, My SQL) are being used by the company operators. An example of recognizing success will be in a situation where I can produce business’ memos, letters and spreadsheets. I will review and measure my improvement in computer systems by being evaluated every two weeks by a high level information engineer. I will take online tutorial to improve my computer skills. I will keep my computer programs updated so I won’t get behind on my technical skills. During the work hours I will consider to ask to my college if he could give a specified and useful training to help me to do my Job. I will read computers books to help me improve my knowledge in the I. C. T. World. I will practice and apply what I learnt when my manager asked me to produce a resources and newsletters to employees. These tasks often involve the use of publishing software like ( Microsoft Publisher, Adobe Endings, Aircraft Print Creations 3) as well as other programs and software used by the company. I will also implement what I learnt when I have to keep updated the database for daily operations, such as searching suppliers database and customer database. I would like to improve my ability to be self-started I will recognize success when I get things done, without being told or reminded. An example of recognizing success will be in a situation by being aware of projects and opportunities in my workplace. I will review and measure my improvement by beginning to compile an impressive list of accomplishments that will show ways of achieving my goals and making worthwhile contributions. I will put my conscientiousness on display by doing my best with tasks and projects. I will be flexible by adapting to change, reapportioning without balking. I will be a social person by being respectful, helpful and by working cooperatively with my colleagues. I will imagine new possibilities in my work place for example get a better position which will give me an extra motivation. I will practice and apply my ability to be self-started when I talk to my colleagues to find out what they are involved in and offer to assist them with help, even if the task doesn’t relate to my Job. I will show my assertive side by taking the lead even if others don’t follow. I will speak up in a constructive and tactful way when I see an opportunity to improve my workplace and to share some helpful ideas. I will practice and apply my ability to be self-started by starting my projects early. I would like to improve working under pressure I will recognize success when I will be able to deal with an emergency. An example of recognizing success will be in a situation where I can reorganize responsibilities in a group task if one member unexpectedly drops out. I will review and measure my improvement in working under pressure when I could maintain a sense of calm and order in situation when I feel like work is getting on top of me. I will learn some techniques from â€Å"Manage stress before it manages you† I will develop an understanding of management’s role about reinforcing, supporting and recognizing. I will develop techniques to work with people who are uncooperative. I will use Bellini’s team roles to help me improve on my natural working style. I will practice and apply my improvement by working under pressure and by managing well in situations when work is unexpectedly busy or short staffed. I will also practice when unexpected events, problems or challenges could often occur, regardless of how well-planned or organized I am . I will apply my improvement in working under pressure when I have to deal with a lot of stress for example in work, exam periods or times of family stress by maintaining a sense of calm and priorities the most important task that I need to finish. How to cite Personal development plan, Papers

New Ways for Writers to Think About Creativity … and Why You Should Give Yourself a Break

NEW WAYS FOR WRITERS TO THINK ABOUT CREATIVITY †¦ AND WHY YOU SHOULD GIVE YOURSELF A BREAK It’s sometimes hard for clients and copywriters alike to remember the writing process: It’s one part hard work (sweat on the keyboard), one part art. And sometimes, the â€Å"art† part can be hard to pin down. You’re blocked, distracted. You’ve had a bad morning, you’re stressed out about something †¦ but you still need to make your deadlines. You’ll find that some days you may show up for work, and the creativity just isn’t there (this happens more than you think!). Now, listen to what Elizabeth Gilbert has to say. She’s the bestselling author of Eat, Pray, Love (which I haven’t read). This speech is long (about 20 minutes), but very interesting – she talks about the history of writers and artists, the preponderance of mental illness and neurosis in creative types, and offers a new perspective on the creative process – and why we should all give ourselves a break from time to time. --> For this writer, I really appreciated Elizabeth Gilbert’s analysis. Creative genius is an elusive thing – it comes at certain times, and never when you expect it (at the gym, in the middle of a load of laundry, while you’re watching TV). You have to show up for work every day, but understand that your creative genius might not. It’s something that can be hard to understand: why your first draft taglines just really aren’t good (at all). Whether you’re a copywriter, fiction writer, screenwriter, technical writer, playwright, a beginner or a seasoned expert, this is the duplicitous nature of the writer within us all that we have to deal with. Again, writing is one part hard work and one part art – in reality, writers are workhorses. Can we expect writers to be genius all the time? Absolutely not – as Elizabeth Gilbert points out. But when the creativity isn’t there, when your genius doesn’t show up for work when you do, sometimes you have to make up for it with good hard work. Or, just give yourself a break. Your genius will show up eventually, just maybe not today.

THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET Essay Example

THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS] THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET Essay THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET Essay THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET By ssoekarno THE EFFECT OF CONVERGENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD [IFRS]-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON STOCK MARKET: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA PUBLIC LISTED COMPANIES EVI OKTAVIANI SORAYA A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration International Business School UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia JANUARY 2014 I declare that this thesis entitled The Effect of Convergence with International Financial Reporting Standard [IFRS]-Based Accounting Standards On Stock Market: Evidence From Malaysia Public Listed Companies is the result of my own research except as cited in the references. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree. Signature: Name Date :JANUARY 2014 Dedicated to ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BSTRAK laDle 0T content CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Background 0T study 1. 1 Background of International Financial Reporting Standard [IFRS] Financial statements are important for investor in assisting them in making decision on where to invest globally. This is why high-quality accounting standards enables investors to receive appropriate information which in turn will give investor confidence in making decision . There is a drive to globalize accounting standards and practices that will be accepted by the regulators, certification bodies, the accounting profession and the business and academic communities around the world in order to minimize the potential dangers of bias, misinterpretation, inexactness, and ambiguity. Over the years the business community has recognized accounting as the language of business and financial information as a form of language. Since accounting has been accepted as a language, it is advisable that companies around the world to speak in the same language. Recent political and economic events have focused on the pressing need for more uniformity in international accounting standards . There is a requirement for a universal set of accounting standards which can unite the language of accounting around the world and solve the problem of differences in accounting practice. It is no surprise that the globalisation of capital markets has been accompanied by calls for globalisation of financial reporting. Indeed, the globalisation of the worlds capital markets has created the need for comparable and reliable financial information to support the varied transactions and operations of the markets Hora et al.. The accounting profession has faced the pressure of globalisation and continues to look for ways to produce financial situation using a unique accounting procedures that can be understood by all business society in the last few decades . Not only that, to ensure usability, financial information also supposed to be understandable and comparable to make credit decisions and investment more easily retrieved. Though the process of internationalisation might be difficult, Anderson said that a set of international accounting standards will allow new horizons of financial statement evolution by the fact that the comparative analysis of the rate of return and profit/loss set written in balance sheet has made the competition between companies become more pertinent. In order to solve this problem, a novel global accounting standard International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) has been introduced. Currently IFRS has been increasingly adopted by accounting policy makers all over the world. It is estimated ver one hundred countries are using International Financial Reporting Standards. For example, Australia and all members states of the European Union which have adopted IFRS since 2005, whereas Canada, India and Korea has moved into IFRS convergence in 2011 . I ne aaoptlon 0T Internatlonal Accounting stanaaras/lnternatlonal Hnanclal Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) by a significant number of developing countries in the past years is considered as one of the biggest events witnessed in the international accounting field. For most of these countries, the application of IAS / IFRS accounting is the transition to a new paradigm. This paradigm, mainly based on the communication of good quality and useful financial information for decision-making , consider the investor involved in the stock market as a specific user of financial statements . The objective of this financial report primarily to offer investors the necessary information for them in order to properly evaluate the economic situation of the company which in turn allowed them to put their money in profitable investment opportunities. Countries which have already adopted the IFRS accounting standard foresee various benefits, for example Australian government hopes that the setting of IFRS ccounting standards in Australia can lead to production of higher quality accounting standards which in turn will facilitate Australian business in terms of lower costs of capital and enables Australian companies to compete on an equal footing overseas, while also maintaining investor confidence. In the meantime the Chairman of the Korea Accounting Standards Board and President of the Korea Accounting Institute stated that his organisation is optimistic about the benefits of IFRS adoption in that it will not only make Korean companies more competitive through their enhanced ransparency but also will allow the South Korean accounting industry to expand worldwide. From those two statements, we can conclude that one common benefit sought by adopting IFRS is to eliminate barriers to cross-border investing . Moreover, Ball argued that IFRS promises more accurate, comprehensive and timely financial statement information compared to the national standards which it replaces for the public financial reporting in most of the countries which adopted it, including Continental Europe. Better quality financial statement information can even lead to etter assessment by investors in making capital market decisions and thus reduce the risk to these investors. Another attribute of IFRS is that it requires more extensive disclosure. For example, asset impairment FRSI 36 requires disclosure of goodwill and other intangibles, particularly in relation to the allocation of goodwill to cash generating units, the main assumptions used to measure recoverable amount and impairment testing. Increased level of disclosure in the financial statements may affect the quality of reported earnings. According to disclosure system which set at high quality standard ives investor confidence in the credibility of financial reporting. If more disclosure is required, any attempt to manage earnings can be more easily detected and addressed by the internal oversight bodies (board of directors and auditors) in a company. The use of international accounting standards in promoting various players in the capltal market can De a good cnolce Tor developing countrles tnat seek to promote decent functioning of their capital markets. To satisfactorily fulfill their role in the evaluation and financing of companies and in the development of various sectors of conomic activity, listed companies have to communicate good financial information . Since worldwide adoption of IFRS would create a common language for accounting, new capital markets would open to companies who have been reporting only in accordance with their national standards. Communication of financial information helps to limit the problems associated with information asymmetry and establishes a climate of confidence in the capital market mechanism. This in turn acts to encourage different actors to make more transactions. IFRS would allow the financial statements to be in a simple, nderstandable, and standardized format for investors and other businesses who are interested in the firm. A research which conducted by Centre for Audit Quality on July in the United States shows that sixty-two per cent of investors agree that the creation of a single, uniform, international set of accounting standards would give them a higher level of confidence . In general, convergence to IFRS provides many benefits such as enhancing comparability as a company financial report can easily compared to another, increasing global investment flow through transparency, decreasing cost of capital hrough global investment opportunity, rising financial reporting efficiency and enhancing financial reporting quality by lowering the chance to do earning management practice. However, despite the optimistic expectations put on IFRS convergence, the reality seems more unclear. Previous research which have studied the relationship between IFRS adoption and market behavior has seen a variety of results, for instant Horton and Serafeim which investigate market reaction to IFRS and valuation of IFRS reconciliation adjustment, their study resulting a negative abnormal return for firms eporting negative earnings reconciliation, mandatory IFRS adoption alters investors beliefs about stock prices, proving that the new IFRS numbers give new information to the market. Meanwhile Armstrong et al. finds that equity investors perceived the expected benefits of more comparable financial reports and the prospects of increased capital flows outweighed the expected costs of implementation and any economic distortions arising from reduced local accounting diversity. Furthermore study result shows that annual report publication does not produce unexpected nformation either before, on, or after the adoption of IFRS, however she found an interesting fact that IFRS adopters are valued higher before the adoption, but not afterwards. . 2 International Financial Reporting Standard in Malaysia Malaysia cannot let itself to be left behind in this worldwide movement towards aaoptlon 0T tne S Malaysian companles nave to De In step wit n tnese developments in financial reporting practices adopted around the world in order to make their financial statements accepted globally. Malaysian Accounting Standards Board chairman foresee to that by becoming fully IFRS compliant, Malaysias capital nd financial market will be further enhanced. In a statement, Azmi explained another benefit of adopting IFRS in Malaysia which are not only it is accepted globally as it already used in more than 100 countries, but using a common language also will turn reporting costs decrement since there is no need to reconcile accounts, can increase credibility of local market to foreign investors, have comparability across boundaries and cross border listing. Full convergence to international accounting standards will put Malaysia in good stead for increased globalization of capital markets, providing comparable financial tatements to promote investor confidence. The milestone of IFRS convergence in Malaysia began in the period between 1978 and 1997 where Malaysia started to adopt International Accounting Standards (AS). However, those standards which were set by the Malaysian Association of Certified Public Accountant (MACPA) together with the Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA) were not enforceable on companies at that time. Following the passage of the Financial Reporting Act 1997 by Malaysias parliament on March 1997 prior to Asian financial crisis, the Malaysian Accounting Standard Board (MASB) was established with a given mandated to developed financial reporting standards, develop Islamic accounting standard and conduct an extensive consultative process. Before 2005 all accounting standards issued by MASB had the prefix MASS. Subsequently in 2005, concurrent with global standard setting development, the MASB renamed all issued standards as Financial Reporting Standards (FRS) that was meant to be in line with standards issued by IASB except for some minor modifications. In 2006, Malaysia introduced 2-tier financial reporting framework, started on 2007 Malaysian FRS standards (known as FRS framework) have been dentical to IFRS AS. The difference lies in the standards that Malaysia has not adopted. The FRS framework is made mandatory for non-private entities while the private entities can continue using the old MASB standards known as PERS (private entity reporting standards) framework. Further, a new numbering system to its FRS and the interpretations was introduced by the MASB in 2007. MASB together with Financial Reporting Foundation (FRF), make up the new framework for financial reporting in Malaysia. On 1 August 2008, they announced their plan to move to full IFRS convergence by 1 January 2012. To facilitate a phased changeover to IFRS convergence, Malaysia has adopted FRS 139 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement with the effective date of 1 January 2010. By 2012, all approved accounting standards applicable to entities other than private entities will converge fully with all IFRS issued by the International Accounting stanaara In November 2011 , the MASB issued a new MASB approved accounting framework, namely the Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS Framework). As defined by MASB, the companies that are required to apply MFRS framework are Entities Other Than Private Entities shall apply the MFRS framework for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2012, with the exception of entities (known as transitioning entities) which are given options to continue with the old FRS framework that has not adopted IAS 41 Agriculture and/or IC Interpretation 15 Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate. Next, MASB plans that the full adoption of the MFRS Framework will be mandatory to all companies for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2012. Because of this, approximately one thousand Malaysian public listed companies will be affected y the IFRS convergence in 2012, however the companies or the group of companies that are involved in agriculture or real estate industry still have time to defer its convergence. In addition, the International Accounting Standard Boards (IASB) future work plans on some other core standards will also affect Malaysian entities significantly after 2012. There are a few IASB exposure drafts and discussion papers that are now going through due process and soon to be adopted including leases, revenue recognition, financial instruments, fair value measurement, insurance contracts, and consolidated inancial statements. As a consequence of this convergence, when IASB issues a new or amended IFRS, Malaysia will adopt those standards in their entirety. 1. 3 Problem Statement Principles-based standard accounting may reduce the likelihood of scandals, as shown on study by Nisbettt and Sheikh . One example of a world phenomenon that has occurred related to financial statements matter is Enron scandal. Enron which was founded in 1985 is one of the worlds leading electricity, natural gas, communications and pulp and paper companies before it bankrupted in late 2001, its nnual revenues rose from about $9 billion in 1995 to over $100 billion in 2000. At the end of 2001 it was revealed that its reported financial condition was sustained substantially by institutionalized, systematic, and creatively planned accounting fraud. This scandal shows weakness of GAAP system as compared to principles- based standard such as FRS. The benefit of IFRS upon businesses that have adopted it is still debated. Previous studies have shown that the financial reporting process is influenced Jointly by the accounting standards and economic incentives of market participants . That said it follows that if companies can be shown the positive effect of adopting IFRS, they will be more willing to do so. I nls would Imply tnat companles mlgnt accept tne convergence witn IHRS positively IT, for example, they expect IFRS to impact favorably on company performance, and reduce information asymmetry and the cost of capital Hope et al.. In contrast, companies might expect the costs to surpass the benefits of IFRS adoption, or that IFRS implementation is followed by managerial opportunism to reduce the regulatory compliance costs or variation in the application of IFRS . Studies on the impact of adopting IFRS on market behaviour is still relatively new and unexplored, particularly in Malaysia. Most researches have only investigates its effect into financial statement and ratio such as Stent et al. or into accounting quality . Many have focused solely on the technical accounting impacts related to IFRS. Understanding the broader impacts that IFRS may have is also important. Knowing such effects of IAS/IFRS convergence on stock market behavior is of major importance for several different parties including primarily, the national accounting standardization body, the IASB, nternational investors, as well as for the companies themselves. Although previous studies have provided evidence on the benefits of IFRS to quality of financial statement, such as Paglietti and Wang et al. there is a possibility that IFRS might not have a positive impact on company performance at all, in which case companies would not be too enthusiastic in adopting IFRS (outside of for compliance reasons). Based on the above discussion, this study will investigate whether adoption of IFRS is acknowledged by investment community and influences the investment decision making. The research result expected will give insight to firm and Jurisd iction whether to move into a single standard on financial reporting or not. This can be useful information for other emerging markets that are still not fully adopting this new standard such as Indonesia and Thailand. 1. 4 Research Question Signalling theory explains that signalling is done by management in order to reduce information asymmetry. A signal is an action taken by the more informed that provides credible information to the less informed. The theory assumes that managers of high-quality firms will have an intention to signal their superiority to the arket as described by Copeland et al.. One such example of signalling is accounting conservatism in which firms provide financial statements information to show that they applying conservative accounting policies which resulting a higher quality of earnings because its principle is to prevents companies to exaggerate profits and helps financial statements reader by providing under representing income and assets. This accounting conservatism is traditionally defined by the adage anticipate no profit, but anticipate all losses . Understatement of profits and net assets stated in financial statements is a positive

How School Legislation Impacts Teaching and Learning

How School Legislation Impacts Teaching and Learning School legislation includes any federal, state, or local regulation that a school, its administration, teachers, staff, and constituents are required to follow. This legislation is intended to guide administrators and teachers in the daily operations of the school district. School districts sometimes feel inundated by new mandates. Sometimes a well-intended piece of legislation may have unintended negative ramifications. When this occurs, administrators and teachers should lobby the governing body to make changes or improvements to the legislation. FederalSchool Legislation Federal laws include the Family Educations Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), No Child Left Behind (NCLB), the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and many more. Each of these laws must be adhered to by virtually every school in the United States. Federal laws exist as a common means to address a substantial issue. Many of these issues involve the infringement of student rights and were enacted to protect those rights. StateSchool Legislation State laws on education vary from state to state. An education-related law in Wyoming may not be an enacted law in South Carolina. State legislation related to education often mirror the controlling parties core philosophies on education. This creates a myriad of varying policies across states. State laws regulate issues such as teacher retirement, teacher evaluations, charter schools, state testing requirements, required learning standards, and much more. School Boards At the core of every school district is the local school board. Local school boards have the power to create policies and regulations specifically for their district. These policies are constantly revised, and new policies may be added yearly. School boards and school administrators must keep track of the revisions and additions so that they are always in compliance. New School Legislation Must Be Balanced In education, timing does matter. In recent years schools, administrators, and educators have been bombarded with well-intended legislation. Policymakers must be attentively aware of the volume of education measures allowed to move forward each year. Schools have been overwhelmed with the sheer number of legislative mandates. With so many changes, it has been almost impossible to do any one thing well. Legislation at any level must be rolled out in a balanced approach. Trying to implement a plethora of legislative mandates makes it almost impossible to give any measure a chance to be successful. Children Must Remain the Focus School legislation at any level should only be passed if there is comprehensive research to prove that it will work. A policymakers first commitment in regards to education legislation is to the children in our education system. Students should benefit from any legislative measure either directly or indirectly. Legislation that will not positively impact students should not be allowed to move forward. Children are Americas greatest resource. As such, the party lines should be wiped away when it comes to education. Education issues should be exclusively bi-partisan. When education becomes a pawn in a political game, it is our children who suffer.

Talk Talk Plc and its Service Marketing Literature review

Talk Talk Plc and its Service Marketing - Literature review Example ecided on maintaining market transparency and competition rather than resort to prescriptive regulation to protect consumers’ interests (Annual Report 2011, p. 11). 2.1.3 The UK government has made it a priority to support and fund the rollout of superfast broadband networks in rural communities. This should aid in the development of viable markets in places in the UK which were considered economically unfeasible (Annual Report 2011, p. 9). 2.2 Economic 2.2.1 The protracted recovery in the broad economy and the continued economic weakness in the European region will continue to influence the performance of UK business in general, including internet service providers (Annual Report 2011). 2.2.2 Competition is fierce such that if network services proved unreliable compared to the rival firms, this creates customer churn (turnover). The cost of switching among ISP services is low and therefore customers may easily abandon their service in favour of a rival firm (Annual Report 201 1). 2.3 Social 2.3.1 Social networking continues to gain momentum among internet users, aside from the growing dependence on the internet as a source of information for work and school. In addition, the continued popularity of television as a broadcast entertainment medium presents an opportunity for the convergence of television content with ISP services (Annual Report 2011). 2.4 Technological 2.4.1 Data security and integrity is a continuing concern in the digital telecommunications industry. Loss of customer data attributable to data protection breaches may damage the firm’s reputation and cause the imposition of fines (Annual Report 2011). 2.4.2 The development in fibre optic technology has begun to push demand for fibre access, precipitating the need for wholesale product development that... This essay discusses that TalkTalk is presently making a bid to gain higher quality service and thereby improve the profit margins, even at the expense of losing 43,000 or more customers who have chosen the company only on the basis of low prices. By doing so, the firm adopts a bolder strategy that accomplishes the twin purpose of (1) adjusting from weaknesses created by the recent demerger on the one hand, and (2) assuming a better position to address the increasingly competitive environment in the face of a challenging regulatory and economic environment. PESTEL shows that there are challenges as well as opportunities which face the entire industry. SWOT shows that TalkTalk is equipped with strengths in the form of technological innovations and strategic partnerships, and that its weaknesses are being remedied by adopting a revised strategic outlook and resolving its problems with service quality, customer billing problems, and lacklustre performance. TalkTalk is innovating in its service product, has the advantage of place and time, is rethinking its price strategy, and linking promotional efforts in a meaningful way to people’s economic realities. Process, physical evidence and people are seen to support the innovations being adopted in the product strategy. Finally, the firm is adopting more profitable service strategies as defined by Lovelock and Wirtz in building loyal ties based on quality, adopting greater transparency in handling complaints, and providing enhanced service quality and productivity.

Analyse and critically assess Baumol's model of innovationbased of Essay

Analyse and critically assess Baumol's model of innovationbased of growth - Essay Example For this reason he states that competition and the free market economy has played a major role in encouraging innovation by enterprises in the economy which has resulted into economic growth. According to Baumol (2002) capitalism is unique in its innovation characteristic and that the product of the capitalist society is economic growth. he notes that past economies such as medieval China were characterized by innovative and invention ideas but due to the economic system and characteristics innovation did not result in economic growth, the difference between these economies is that the modern economy is characterized by free competition and also that innovation is used as a competition tool in the market. Firms in the modern world have two competitive weapons and they include prices and innovation, innovation in the modern world is the prime weapon and has become mandatory in the modern firms. The firm that do not undertake innovation face closure in the modern world, therefore they compete to outperform their competitor in innovative ideas in the market other than the use of price, this form of competition results into new and better products and processes that benefits consumers. Firms result in frequent innovation as a competitive strategy and this innovation results into further innovation, innovation therefore becomes a routinised process. ... He also notes that the Capitalist economy is driven by profit motives, these motives makes firms to perform tasks efficiently and effectively, and that the invisible hand controls firms in the market from deriving abnormal profits forcing a firms to provide better products in the market than its rivals. Baumol (2002) however states that economic growth does not solve other problems the society may face such as inequality and this is because economic growth only solves problems that depend on it. On large and small entrepreneurs he noted that small and independent innovators provide a significantly startling result, he notes that a recent study by the small business association the frequency of citation of small firm patents is more likely to be among the first top one percent, Some of the products by independent and small firm innovation include the airplane, pace maker and the helicopter. This trend is expected to exist in future and that independent inventors over the years open up large firms that perform routine innovation. Large firms on the other hand also contribute to innovation. Large firms specialize in product improvement, provision of user friendly products and finding new consumers for their products. These large firms are characterized by bureaucratic controls that ensure that innovation processes are incremental and predictable, for this reason these control restrict imaginative ideas which may result into disaster and that may also result to revolutionize into a new world. Conclusion: From the above analysis it is evident that Baumol analysis of economic growth advocates for the free market economy, the capitalist society promotes growth whereby it is

The Saga of Henry Starr :: essays research papers

Henry Starr was a real man, in the real Old West. He wrote his life story while in prison in a book called Thrilling Events. Although the book I read is based on a true man, some of the events are exaggerated, or retold differently then the actual event.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Henry Starr was a 17 year old Cherokee cowboy working a steady job at a ranch. One day, however he was framed for stealing two horses by a man that was in cahoots with a crooked sheriff. Henry’s uncle paid his bail, and Henry went back to work. A little while later, a rival cowboy hid whiskey in Henrys wagon, and Henry was stopped with a whiskey warrant, which was a way for crooked lawmen and lawyers to make money off of each other. Once again, Henry’s uncle bailed him out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Henry became angry at the world. He felt alone and felt that if people were going to treat him like a criminal, he was going to act like one. He started robbing banks, and killed a deputy marshal in self defense. (Henry wasn’t a murderer, but was a thief.) More and more bank robberies occurred, and Henry was gaining some recognition. Henry was finally arrested, and sentenced to hang. However, Henry got a good lawyer, who got the Supreme Court to bring the sentence down to 15 years. Henry only served nine because of a pardon by President Theodore Roosevelt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When he got out, he recruited a band of criminals, and they hit every bank in the west. Eventually Henry was wealthy enough to take his girlfriend away from it all, which was his goal from the start. They went to Colorado, where Henry was recognized and arrested. Henry was sentenced, but once again, became a model prisoner, and got released on parole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When released, he met a new girl and decided to leave Colorado, violate is parole, and go back home to Oklahoma. He got there, changed his name, and lived a good life until he ran low on money and decided to rob a bank. He and his group robbed two banks, and Henry was shot in the leg, arrested, and sentenced to 25 years at a prison in Oklahoma. But Henry was a pro at leaving early. He was out in a few years. Overall Henry was sentenced to over 65 years in prison, but only served just over 15.

Diagnostic Assessment and Formative Assessment Essay

Assessment for learning In classrooms where assessment for learning is practiced, students are encouraged to be more active in their learning and associated assessment. The ultimate purpose of assessment for learning is to create self-regulated learners who can leave school able and con? dent to continue learning throughout their lives. Teachers need to know at the outset of a unit of study where their students are in terms of their learning and then continually check on how they are progressing through strengthening the feedback they get from their learners. Students are guided on  what they are expected to learn and what quality work looks like. The teacher will work with the student to understand and identify any gaps or misconceptions (initial/diagnostic assessment). As the unit progresses, the teacher and student work together to assess the student’s knowledge, what she or he needs to learn to improve and extend this knowledge, and how the student can best get to that point (formative assessment). Assessment for learning occurs at all stages of the learning process. Assessment for learning Comprises two phases—initial or diagnostic assessment and formative assessment  Diagnostic Assessment- This set of diagnostic assessment materials for literacy, language and numeracy (Entry 1 to Level 2) was a national development in 2002. Included are materials for assessing learners on the pre-entry curriculum framework (Milestones 4-8) and materials for assessing the need for support for dyslexia. Diagnostic assessment helps to identify speci? c learning strengths and needs, and usually follows an initial assessment at the beginning of a learning programmer, where there is an indication of the need for further, more detailed assessment. It is related to speci? c skills needed for tasks. The diagnostic information can be included in the learner’s ILP. It is recommended that diagnostic assessment is conducted by specialist teachers of literacy, language or numeracy. Formative assessment -including diagnostic testing is a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment. It typically involves qualitative feedback (rather than scores) for both student and  teacher that focus on the details of content and performance. ] It is commonly contrasted with summative assessment, which seeks to monitor educational outcomes, often for purposes of external accountability. Assessment can be based on a variety of information sources (e. g. , portfolios, works in progress, teacher observation, and conversation) Verbal or written feedback to the student is primarily descriptive and emphasizes strengths, identi? es challenges, and points to next steps As teachers check on understanding they adjust their instruction to keep students on track. No grades or scores are given – record-keeping is primarily anecdotal and descriptive Occurs throughout the learning process, from the outset of the course of study to the time of summative assessment -Assessment that is accompanied by a number or letter grade (summative) -Compares one student’s achievement with standards -Results can be communicated to the student and parents -Occurs at the end of the learning unit Evaluation Judgment made on the basis of a student’s performance Test An assessment intended to measure the respondents’ knowledge or other abilities Assessment.

The Fall Of The Roman Empire - 882 Words

Feudalism was a system developed in Medieval Europe, which structured European society. This system emerged after the fall of the Roman Empire. People needed protection and the feudal system was a way of protecting people in exchange for their services. Feudalism was developed around the 8th to 12th centuries, and it was based on premises between the two people. Feudalism was a way of survival where people exchange their services for land or protection of the lords. There was no money involved in the feudal society but rather homage, which was the acknowledgement of feudal alliance between to people. There were two types of homages, vassal homage and servile homage. Vassal homage was when a vassal, who was usually a knight or noble, exchanged their services in war for a fief from the lord. A fief was land or manor that came with several peasants. Servile homage, on the other hand, was when the lord gave protection to the serfs in exchange for their services of working the land. Although serfs were not salves, they did not have many rights. The origins of feudalism can be traced back to the Frankish kingdom of the 8th century, specifically the Carolingian dynasty in Western Europe (History of Feudalism). Charles Martel [what other kings] granted land to nobles to yield the income that is needed for armies. According to William Stubbs, fiefs were granted in the Frankish Kingdom, and at the same time, â€Å"vassal-lord bonds† were established. Before fiefs, benefices were the formShow MoreRelatedFall of the Roman Empire1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pax Romana was a two hundred year time period where the Romans had peace and prosperity under Augustus. The Roman empire started to decline at the end of the prevail of the last five emperors, Marcus Aurelius in 161-180 A.D. The rulers in the next century had no idea how to deal with the problems the empire was having. There was many reasons to the fall of the Roman Empire but three stood out the most. 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